EXPLORING THE ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF HYBRID MACHINING PROCESSES FOR OPTIMAL ACCURACY AND SURFACE FINISH

This work investigates the synergistic integration of precision across multiple scientific areas, including late-universe cosmology, precision agriculture, and ultra-precise machining. In late-universe cosmology, the collaboration of four cosmic probes—21 cm intensity mapping (IM), rapid radio burst (FRB), gravitational wave (GW) standard siren, and strong gravitational lensing (SGL)—has the potential to improve constraint accuracy and resolve the Hubble tension. Precision agriculture, which is driven by input optimization, has the ability to increase output while reducing costs and environmental concerns. Recent advancements in ultra-precise machining, made possible by high-speed cutting (HSC) and high-performance cutting (HPC) via mechatronic devices and new linear guiding systems, demonstrate the changing landscape of precision machining. A notable contribution has been the invention of Hybrid Machining methods (HMPs), which seamlessly integrate additive and subtractive manufacturing methods. HMPs are used to reduce manufacturing time, costs, and material waste when cutting sophisticated materials such as Ti 6 Al 4 V, polycrystalline diamond (PCD), ZrO2, and nickel-titanium. Hybrid Electrical Discharge Machining (HEDM) methods increase efficiency and production. The research emphasizes the necessity of parameter modifications in obtaining optimal accuracy and surface finish in machining techniques, including wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) of copper alloys, surface grinding, and milling. Visual representations such as bar charts provide a brief summary of accuracy advances in specific scientific disciplines. In conclusion, the study represents progress and potential in precision-related disciplines, establishing the framework for further investigation. The integration of numerous probes, the creation of hybrid machining methods, and painstaking parameter optimization all contribute to increased precision and efficiency across a wide range of applications, paving the way for future advances in science and industry.