Article Info
Abstract
Engineers have long sought to minimize human involvement in engineering processes by automating them, which reduces the likelihood of human error and imperfection. This not only lowers production costs but also minimizes the risk of life-endangering operations for humans. The control of engineering processes is critical to protecting devices from operating beyond their designed capabilities. This study investigates and presents a thorough review of the adventure of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and its types. This entails the informative evolution of the controller’s birth and how it has become an essential tool for those working in the field of control systems, revolutionizing the way feedback control is used in a variety of engineering applications. This paper examines the efforts of eminent researchers and engineers who have made significant contributions to the development of this theory and actual use of this control approach. Apart from conceptualizing seven categories of control systems, this work addresses the benefits and drawbacks of the PID controller while highlighting its adaptability, clarity, and durability. For researchers, practitioners, and students looking for a deeper understanding of this crucial control technique and its effects on various industries, the mathematical formulation and transfer function representation of the PID controller are presented and recommended, along with a comprehensive tabular review that serves as hands-on for any researcher in this area.